Concerns over food safety have resurfaced after the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) sought egg samples from different parts of the country for testing. This action followed complaints that some poultry farms may still be using nitrofurans—banned antibiotics meant to accelerate growth and prevent infections in chickens.

Although nitrofurans are prohibited in India, there are fears that their illegal use continues in some poultry operations. When chickens are given these antibiotics, their residues can pass into the eggs they lay. Consuming such eggs over time may pose serious health risks to humans.

Why are nitrofurans dangerous?

Professor Dr. L.H. Ghotekar, Director of the Department of Medicine at Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, explains that nitrofuran residues can enter the human body and damage DNA. This damage increases the risk of various diseases.

According to him, these chemicals can harm liver and kidney cells, raising the chances of fatty liver disease and kidney-related problems. However, this risk is primarily associated with long-term consumption of eggs from hens that were repeatedly given nitrofurans.

Dr. Ghotekar adds that nitrofurans were banned years ago after studies showed that animals injected with these drugs experienced abnormal growth and adverse health effects. Further investigations confirmed their harmful impact on humans, leading to bans in several countries, including India. If such drugs are still being used illegally, it is a serious public health concern, making FSSAI’s intervention crucial.

Do nitrofurans increase cancer risk?

Experts clarify that consuming eggs containing nitrofurans for a short period—such as a few days or even a month—does not significantly increase cancer risk. The danger arises when these substances are consumed continuously over many years.

Long-term intake can damage intestinal cells, cause chronic inflammation, and trigger abnormal cell growth. Over time, this process may increase the risk of cancer.

Can consumers identify contaminated eggs at home?

Unfortunately, there is no easy way for consumers to identify whether an egg contains nitrofurans. Dr. Ghotekar says these antibiotics cannot be detected by the egg’s color, taste, or smell. Even thorough boiling or cooking does not guarantee their elimination.

The only reliable way to detect nitrofuran residues is through laboratory testing. As a precaution, consumers are advised to buy eggs only from FSSAI-licensed brands and authorized vendors, which are more likely to follow safety norms.