Nasal congestion is a common symptom during colds, caused primarily by viral infections that inflame the tissues lining the nose, leading to swelling and blocked nasal passages. This swelling restricts airflow, making breathing through the nose difficult. Other symptoms often accompanying congestion include runny nose, sneezing, cough, watery eyes, sore throat, and fatigue.

The main causes of this congestion include viruses that infect the nose and throat, allergies, exposure to cold dry air, and irritants like smoke and dust. Cold weather contributes as it dries out nasal lining, allowing viruses to adhere more easily and cause infection. Frequent touching of the face with unwashed hands and crowded places also increase risk.

To relieve nasal congestion, specialists recommend several approaches:

• Use steam inhalation or stay in a humid environment to keep nasal passages moist.

• Drink plenty of fluids to thin mucus and aid drainage.

• Use saline nasal sprays or rinses to clear irritants and mucus.

• Avoid irritants such as tobacco smoke and pollution.

• Rest adequately to support the immune response.

• Cover mouth and nose while sneezing or coughing to prevent spread.

Over-the-counter nasal decongestants may provide temporary relief by shrinking swollen nasal tissues but should be used cautiously and not for extended periods. Antibiotics are ineffective as colds are viral.

If congestion persists beyond 10 days or is accompanied by severe symptoms like fever, facial pain, or swelling, medical consultation is advised to rule out sinus infections or other conditions.