Oral cancer is often associated with tobacco use, whether it's smoking or chewing tobacco. This disease is on the rise in India. Tobacco is one of the main causes of oral cancer. However, cases of this cancer are now increasing even among people who have never used tobacco. This raises an important and often overlooked question: Can non-smokers also develop oral cancer? The answer is—yes, they can.

Tobacco and alcohol use significantly increase the risk, but they are not the only factors. Many other factors can also cause oral cancer. A significant cause is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially some of its high-risk types. The incidence of HPV-related oral cancer is increasing worldwide, as well as in urban areas of India.

Poor oral hygiene and chronic irritation can also contribute to this condition. For example, broken or chipped teeth, poorly fitting dentures, or chronic dental problems can cause persistent damage to the lining of the mouth, leading to abnormal changes in cells over time. Nutritional deficiencies, such as eating too few fruits and vegetables, can also weaken the body's natural defenses.

Environmental factors also play a role. Prolonged sun exposure, especially on the lips, can increase the risk of cancer in that area. Increasing air pollution in many Indian cities is also being studied as a possible cause of head and neck cancer.

Genetics and individual susceptibility also cannot be ignored. Some people may be at higher risk due to family history or biological factors, even without external factors.

The biggest problem is the late detection of oral cancer in people who don't smoke tobacco. Because these people aren't considered "high-risk," early symptoms are often overlooked or dismissed as minor problems. Symptoms to look out for include sores that don't heal, red or white spots in the mouth, mild pain, difficulty swallowing, or a lump in the neck, said Dr. Smit Sheth, cancer physician at MOC Cancer Care in Mulund.

Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Therefore, regular dental check-ups and prompt treatment of any persistent oral symptoms are essential, even if the person has never used tobacco.

There's a need to raise awareness about oral cancer in India, not just limit it to the dangers of tobacco. Oral cancer is a preventable and completely curable disease if detected early, but it's important to remember that it can affect anyone, not just smokers.

PC: SaamTV