The Supreme Court has recently issued fresh directions regarding the management of stray dogs, especially those that are violent or suspected to be rabid. According to the order, civic authorities must sterilize, vaccinate, and deworm stray dogs before releasing them back into the same locality. However, dogs found to be rabid or dangerously aggressive will not be released.

Identifying Rabid Dogs

Under the Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules, municipal bodies are authorized to identify, capture, and isolate dogs suspected of having rabies. Complaints from citizens or direct observation by officials can trigger action.
Veterinary experts are trained to recognize rabid dogs through specific symptoms, such as:

• Sudden and unexplained aggression

• Difficulty in barking or changes in voice

• Excessive salivation or frothing at the mouth

• Abnormal walking or staggering

• Disorientation and blank stare

• Loose jaw or inability to recognize surroundings

Examination and Isolation Procedure

If a dog shows possible rabies symptoms, it is examined by a special panel consisting of a veterinarian (appointed by local administration) and a representative of an animal welfare group. If the panel suspects rabies, the dog is kept in isolation for around 10 days. During this period, rabid dogs often die a natural death due to the disease.

Defining Violent Dogs

Earlier, the ABC rules did not specifically classify violent dogs. The Supreme Court has now clarified that dogs repeatedly involved in biting incidents, or those showing unusual and continuous aggression, may be categorized as violent. Importantly, only dogs with abnormal attack behavior — distinct from normal defensive aggression — will fall into this category.

Court’s Directive

The Supreme Court has also emphasized that no individual or organization should obstruct officials in carrying out their duties. This ensures that authorities can act effectively in the interest of public safety as well as animal welfare.